Cause and Consequences of urbanization in Scotland Essay

This paper will investigate applicable reason and outcomes of urbanization in Scotland from 1700-1860. A word reference characterized term would be â€Å"the social procedure whereby urban areas develop and social orders become more urban.†(1. 30/08/2005). Scotland experienced tremendous political and efficient changes from the 1700’s onwards. The nation went from being a country, agrarian culture with an expected populace of 1.2 million out of 1755, to being urbanized, with the populace ascending to over 2.6 million in 1841(Lenman, p281, 2001). This figure is the thing that makes the urbanization of Scotland so intriguing. What were the principle factors that made the populace develop so quickly? The development of populace over such a brief period and the social changes that happened with this. The incomparable Agrarian and Industrial unrests had a significant part’s to play in the urbanization of Scotland and this paper will give some illumination on why it was so significantly recognizable in Scotland. Another point that will be researched is the results of urbanization, how the nation at last turned into a cutting edge promoted nation from its provincial beginnings. Previously and up until 1750, Scotland was a lot of a feudalistic nation. Rulers leased occupants enough land for them to create food to endure. Consequently, the occupant would need to work the Lord’s land just as his own. The Landlord would receive the rewards, the occupant would endure, and as most of the individuals relied upon the land as their exuberant hood, it was a way to endurance. As Devine states,_† In 1750 just a single Scot in eight lived in a town (populace of 4000 or over) and there was just four towns with more than 10000 inhabitants†_ (Devine, 1999, p125). This shows the monstrosity of Scots who were living in country networks, with the principle work being in farming, weaving and angling. The progressions to agribusiness started with those known as the improvers, whose primary standpoint was to modernize the manner in which the land was developed. As the number of inhabitants in the nation started to quicken rapidly, the improvers were hoping to create mass food rather than the old method of development. During the period between 1790-1840 new cultivating gear was presented and the land that was officially cultivatedâ using the â€Å"infield-outfield and mat and wrinkle method† was improved by encasing the land into fields making it progressively gainful for crops and for animals Crop turns were likewise presented which was utilizing the land consistently. The presentation of single occupant cultivating instead of ferm-touns implied the start of the clearances, just as agrarian apparatuses getting progressively effective. The presentation of sifting machines diminished physical work and â€Å"the Small’s furrow †a two pony furrow supplanted the Scot’s furrow which required a group of bulls and horses† (Devine, 1998, p138). These new thoughts created more food yet they additionally left individuals destitute and jobless, as there was less work required, which left individuals no decision however to proceed onward into the towns and urban communities where industry had started making occupations. The development of the towns and urban areas were unpredictably connected with the agrarian upheaval as the mass populace depended on the land for the food it created. The other central matter that Devine makes is that as the agrarian market began to quicken, the requirement for trade focuses that gave legitimate, business and money related offices for the country networks turned out to be increasingly unmistakable, so a few towns including Perth, Ayr and Dumfries turned into the supplier of these administrations. This again added to development of towns, as individuals were required to work and live in the towns to encourage these positions (Devine 1998, p32) Accordingly, we can suspect that three significant changes happened simultaneously and they contributed towards urbanization in Scotland: The agrarian upheaval alongside the populace development, and the extension of the assembling business. As T.M Devine States, _Urbanisation couldn't have occurred without a generous increment in food creation to support the requirements of the individuals who didn't develop their own food supplies. Simultaneously, agrarian profitability needed to improve so as to discharge a developing extent of the populace for non-rural assignments in towns and cities._ (Devine, 1998, p32) Alongside postulations changes the assembling business started to develop quickly. Scotland was a significant player in the transoceanic exchanging industry and because of its topographical position, it was blasting in the tobacco exchange and it would proceed to succeed in cotton and material as well. Scotland’s Geographical situation as of now was significant as it is arranged between the Atlantic and Europe, which implied exchanging from one to the next, was extremely fruitful. The two significant factor’s of the Industrial Revolution were, the material business and the profitability of the steam motor, which was reformed by James Watt in 1769 (Watt James on the web, 2005). Materials production lines and coalmines could deliver more merchandise and they didn't should be close to a water source so as to run. Because of this, the bigger towns and urban areas started to develop quickly. _Greenock in 1700 had a populace of 2000 and by 1831 it had rose to 27500._ _Glasgow went from 31700 to 147000._ _Paisley went from 6800 to 47000._ _Kilmarnock went from 4400 to 12700_ _Falkirk went from 3900 to 11500. All inside the timeframe from 1740-1850 (Devine 1998, p35)_ The populace development over the brief time frame is the most noteworthy point here as this is the thing that made urbanization in Scotland extraordinary. There are various variables that influenced the populace development yet some are more noteworthy than others are. Irish Immigration was unmistakable and the movement of individuals from the country territories had a significant effect. For example:_† most of the vagrants were youthful grown-ups progressively moved in the eligible and childbearing age bunches than were the local occupants. High Migration due to its age piece was in this way prone to fuel common increment in the urban areas_†.(Devine 1998,p41) simultaneously theâ highlanders were leaving the land either through power as the lord’s applied the new development procedures to the land or through decision. The larger part decided to move to America; this didn't influence the populace development the same number of Irish transients were coming to Scot land searching for work in the blasting ventures. â€Å"_Urbanisation implied more occupations, a more extensive assorted variety of social contacts and unendingly more noteworthy shading and fervor in the lives of the masses_† (Devine 1998 p43) Death rates exhibit their colossal effect on populace development as well. It has been recommended that lower passing rates, through common insusceptibility to ailment profoundly added to urbanization, as in the mid 1800’s the demise rate had tumbled to 25 for each 1000. This recommends regular resistance and elevated levels of joblessness quickened the populace development (Devine, 1998, p48). The impact of industrialisation was monetarily useful for the nation, yet with it came destitution. Most of the common laborers lived in stuffed lodging territories known as ghettos with no sanitation, and were overflowing with infection. As Devine contends, during times of modern downturn when business had drooped, there were additionally times of ailment scourge. These started in 1817-1820(Typhoid), 1826-27(Typhoid) and in 1830-1832, a cholera pestilence that cleared out 10000 individuals. Times of downturn run equal, the first being 1816-1818, 1825 and afterward 1836 (Devine, 1999, p168). In 1839, Death rates increased to 29 for each 1000. Individuals had to live in terrible day to day environments with tremendous sanitations issues, the towns and urban communities couldn't adapt to the urban development and sickness was the result. Packed, sub-isolated lodging was a hazardous issue in all the significant Towns and Cities, particularly in Glasgow. _†I didn't accept until I v isited Glasgow, that so huge a measure of foulness, wrongdoing, hopelessness and ailment existed in one spot in any one enlightened country† (_Butt J, 1987 p41-42). Individuals were tweaked to living in foul dim, soggy terrible conditions among sickness. As the times of downturn were keep thousands separate from work in a condition of neediness, the poor law revision act was passed in 1845, which supplanted the old poor help laws of the wards taking dependably for theâ poor. The new law permitted a case to be made under oversight of a leading group of analysts, it came as indoor alleviation, which would be admission to a poorhouse if subject had lost the capacity to work, and open air help, which was for momentary ailment, and this may have been as installment or medication. It could be contended that the mechanical transformation was the introduction of the common laborers and free enterprise in this nation. The individuals who claimed the production lines and docks made an incredible benefit and a white collar class way of life was embraced. This could be supposed to be the division of the classes, with the assistance of the mechanical insurg ency, individuals built up a â€Å"working† class or â€Å"middle† class mentality, All in all, the proof calls attention to that few main considerations happened that quickened the urban development of the country. The Agrarian unrest began the mass moving and the modern upheaval gave the work power with the goal for free enterprise to develop. The outcomes of urbanization were overpowering, yes the economy thrived, yet at what cost to the average workers individuals, passing, illness and hopelessness.

The Waste Land Vs The Great Gatsby free essay sample

The Waste Land V.s. The Great Gatsby Essay, Research Paper Investigation ~ The Great Gatsby and # 8220 ; The Waste Land # 8221 ; An investigation of the association between F. Scott Fitzgerald # 8217 ; s novel, The Great Gatsby, and T.S. Eliot # 8217 ; s stanza structure, # 8220 ; The Waste Land, # 8221 ; uncovers that Fitzgerald transposes the significances and thought processes of # 8220 ; The Waste Land # 8221 ; to The Great Gatsby. For case, the stanza structure starts with: April is the cruelest month, causing Lilacs out of the dead land, mixing. Eliot sees the recovery of life bound from the earliest starting point, as in the terminal it will perish in any case. Thus, in The Great Gatsby, Gatsby attempts to emphasize the past and unrecorded his phantasy, yet he will neer have the option to achieve it. In add-on, another outline is the physical depiction and similarity of both of the scenes. In The Great Gatsby, the vale of remains, similar to Eliot # 8217 ; # 8217 ; is a # 8220 ; squander land. We will compose a custom paper test on The Waste Land Vs The Great Gatsby or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page # 8221 ; Eliot goes into the waste land and portray how the roots # 8220 ; fasten # 8221 ; sterile land, earnestly trying to determine something out of nil. The vale of remains is in like manner with its # 8220 ; trick ranch where cinders develop like wheat into edges and slopes and unusual nurseries. # 8221 ; These portrayals propose that no life signifiers jar ever be in the unpleasant condition and that the waste grounds offer no pardoning. The characters # 8217 ; above water nature is one more delineation. In # 8220 ; A Game of Chess, # 8221 ; the grown-up female says dejectedly: What will I make now? What will I make? . . . What will we make to-morrow? What will we ever do? Essentially, Daisy says in the principal section: What # 8217 ; ll we plan? What do individuals be after? What's more, once again in part seven: What # 8217 ; ll we do to occupy our time this evening, and the twenty-four hours from that point forward, and the following 30 mature ages? The activities of these grown-up females show that they do non cognize how to pull off their clasp prudently and they squander it. At last, the likenesses between Owl-Eyes and Tiresias can be called attention to. Owl-Eyes has these # 8220 ; colossal owl-peered toward eyeglassess, # 8221 ; is visually impaired, # 8220 ; yet keen. # 8221 ; In a similar way, Tiresias is other than unsighted, however he predicts all. The two characters speak to the oculus of the head. In choice, T.S. Eliot # 8217 ; s # 8220 ; The Waste Land, # 8221 ; is persuasive to The Great Gatsby. On the other hand, both of these trick plants of writing segment a significant number of similar significances and intentions.

The Obsession with Dream Schools

When it comes to our college lists, many of us have one school we love far more than the rest. And sometimes, we feel like the world will crumble around us if we don’t get in. But it’s time for a reality check. We need to stop the obsession with dream schools! Stop romanticizing We usually believe that our dream schools are perfect and that our lives will be perfect if we go there. But that’s not the case. There are pros and cons to every college. (Realize that before you start school and your expectations won’t be too high.) This realization will make you feel a lot better in case you don’t get into your dream school. You won’t feel like the world is crumbling around you because you’ll have realized that one school isn’t your whole world. Yeah, maybe that dream school would have been fun. But it wouldn’t have solved all your problems and made your life amazing. Stop pretending that it will. Stop worrying about other people The attraction with dream schools comes partly from the prestige. We envision how proud and impressed everyone will be when we get in. After all, you’ve probably told at least a few people about your top choice. So it would be sort of embarrassing if you ended up getting rejected. But as soon as you get to college, other people’s opinions won’t matter at all. It will just be you and your new classmates. If your dream school is your dream because of how others will view it, then you should change your dream. Base your top choice on your own happiness. Be flexible and realistic Don’t limit your options by putting all of your eggs in one basket. When you become obsessed with just one reach school, you close yourself off to more realistic possibilities. It’s as if you’re a horse with blinders. You’re so focused on one potential outcome, that you don’t ever stop to consider others. Consider applying early to a target school that you love. That way, you’ll almost guarantee your spot. If you apply early to your dream reach school, you might not get accepted regular decision at that great target. Sure, there’s a 5% chance that you’ll get accepted at your reach school and you want to increase that chance as much as possible by applying early. But sometimes that’s not the best strategic decision. You have so many options! There are so many great schools out there. A school you’ve never heard of before may be a better fit for you than that dream school.

Globalization And The Human Development Index ( Hdi )

Globalization is something to be said to have either brought the world together or brought us apart. It is a debate that has been going on since it first began and how it is has affected the world has brought controversy as well. Mainly, this paper will be focusing on the economic growth that globalization has influenced. As the world is developing and has been over the past decades, certain countries have had a significant increase in economic growth but it is said that there are risks and effects of globalization. This paper will talk about how globalization effects developed countries and what countries need in order to benefit from it. Globalization is defined as a process that, based on international strategies, aims to expand†¦show more content†¦As mentioned earlier, it is believed that globalization benefits world economies. This is because it can increase their standard of living, creates access to new markets, and even widens the wage gap, but there are some conseq uences as well. In the long term, there are many beneficial outcomes but short term, people may suffer, especially the poor. The poor will ultimately become poorer because there will be a decrease in employment. Globalization has often been thought to be the primary reason for income inequality within a nation. Take for example the United States of America. A growing number of American’s believe that globalization is increasing the gap between the rich and poor, even depleting those who are already poor. Essentially, making the rich even richer, and the poor even poorer. â€Å"A famous result due to Wolfgang Stolper and Paul Samuelson states that some groups will necessarily suffer long-term losses in income from free trade† (Rodrik 2011, 38). The technological advances take the jobs away from the people but make it easier for the country in the long run. A popular criticism of globalization is outsourcing. While outsourcing provides jobs to people in one country, it takes away those jobs from people of another country, leaving many without opportunities. The opposing side would point out that American consumers are able to benefit from lower prices which were made possible because of cheaper labor. Defending either side of thisShow MoreRelatedPositive Impact Of Humans On Environment981 Words   |  4 Pages Positive Impacts of Humans Activity on Environment Student’s Name Institution of Learning Positive Impacts of Humans Activity on Environment Above all, there are a lot of articles and books that discover the negative impacts of humans’ activity on environment. Undoubtedly, healthy food is a very important thing for our future, especially in conditions of great pollution of the natural environment. The genetic engineering and biotechnologies are perspective directions of scientific activityRead MoreHuman Development Index1601 Words   |  6 Pages The critical difference between most development models and the human development index is that most development models only focus on income while the human development index includes the enlargement of all human choices – economic, political, social and cultural which all affect income. Comparing countries’ Gross National Product/Gross Domestic Product per capita is the most common way of measuring the level of development today. This model of economic growth assessment is based on a weak foundationRead MoreThe Human Development Index Is Vast Improvement on Measures of Development in Terms of Income1058 Words   |  5 PagesThe critical difference between most development models and human development index is that most development models exclusively focus on the expansion of income while the human development index embraces embraces the enlargement of all human choices – economic, political, social and cultural which all affect income. Comparing countries’ GNP (or GDP) per capita is the most common way of assessing their level of development. This model of economic growth was based on a very weak foundation that wasRead MoreDeveloping A Economically Developed Countries1649 Words   |  7 Pageseconomy with advanced technological industries as compared to other countries. The Human Development index, standard of living as well as the Gross national product of these economies is on the upper level of every chart. 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While traditional outsourcing destinations like China and India have captured much of the major media attention domestically, the ascendencyRead MoreGlobalization Is Not Being Exploited By Capitalists Essay1615 Words   |  7 Pages At one time, Joan Robinson, a British economist had said, â€Å"’There is only one thing that is worse than being exploited by capitalists. And that is not being exploited by capitalists’† (Nayyar 2006, 4). The process of globalization has changed the ways of human interaction and the flow of goods and services, people, information and ideas creating an interconnected single community that is continuously uniting many nations across borders. The emergence of easier accessibility to consumers’ needs

Project Management Construction of an Ultra Modern Hospital

| Table of Contents PROJECT CHARTER†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 2 1.0 Introduction 3 Project Team Roles and Responsibilities 7 Approvals 9 2.0 SCOPE MANAGEMENT PLAN 9 SCOPE MANAGEMENT APPROACH 9 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES 10 SCOPE DEFINITION 12 WORK BREAK DOWN STRUCTURE 14 WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE DICTIONARY 16 SCOPE VERIFICATION 18 SCOPE CONTROL 19 3.0 PROJECT TIME MANAGEMENT 20 RESOURCE BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE 23 PRECEDENCE DIAGRAM OF SCHEDULED ACTIVITIES 27 4.0 CONTROL SCHEDULE 38 ESTIMATING COST OF THE PROJECT USING WBS 38 5.0 PROJECT COST MANAGEMENT 39 INTRODUCTION 39 COST MANAGEMENT APPROACH 41 MEASURING PROJECT COSTS 42 REPORTING FORMAT 43 COST VARIANCE RESPONSE PROCESS 43 COST CHANGE CONTROL PROCESS 43 PROJECT BUDGET 43†¦show more content†¦It shall also include the installation of services, furnishing and the necessary equipment. The scope of the project does not include entertainment gadgets, and accommodation for doctors. 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Case Study On Cost Volume Profit Analysis And Fortescue Metals Group -

Questions: 1. Why is an uderstanding of cost behaviour important (e.g. fixed costs, variable costs, etc.). 2. Explain the meaning of contribution, and break-even analysis and discuss their usefulness. 3. Break-even/CVP analysis seems to be a great tool. Does it have any weaknesses? 4. Analyse FMG 2014 and 2015 Annual Reports and discuss the factors that influence the miners break-even costs. 5. Analyse the iron ore industry market and discuss which iron ore comapanies are at most risk. Answers: 1. Importance of Understanding of Cost Behaviour The relationship between an activity and its cost is known as cost behaviour. It is important to study cost behaviour because it helps the manager in making decisions regarding the preparation of budgets, production, etc. Basically, there are three types of cost behaviour namely, fixed costs, variable costs, and mixed cost.[1] Behaviour of a cost is significant for managers to have a clear understanding of overall cost structure of the company. Economies of scale, a level of profitable price for the products, and break-even point can also be determined with the help of cost behaviour. Additionally, it is also beneficial for managers to forecast budget as well as cash flow for the business, analyze the various fluctuations, (monthly and quarterly) and identify the variances from the forecast done.[2] Cost, which does not change on changing sales volume or the production, is known as fixed cost or period cost. It includes costs related to machinery, buildings, rent, salary, etc.[3] Fixed costs are helpful in reduction of cost for the business, if the level of production is high. It can act as the barrier to entry for new competitors, if a company has high fixed cost in the industry. 2. Meaning Usefulness of Contribution and Break-even analysis Break-even analysis: It is a way to analyze the point at which revenue equals the cost associated with the revenue. It has various uses such as decision making related to buying and manufacturing. If variable cost is less as compared to the prices paid to suppliers then the company should be prepared for manufacturing the products in the company only else via-a-verse.[7] Break-even analysis helps a company in taking decisions regarding production planning that can give maximum contribution in fixed cost as well as profit. In addition to this, it is important for financial structure planning of the firm and significant tool for controlling the cost which cannot be unnoticed. It is also helpful in decision-making to financial management when the condition of uncertainty arises.[8] Moreover, a margin of safety can be determined by break-even analysis. The calculation becomes quick and easy with the use of Break-even analysis that is helpful in making quick estimations. Break-even point can be presented as below figure: 3. Weaknesses of Break-even/ CVP Analysis Break-even point, no-loss point or zero profit point is a point where firms neither earn profit nor face any loss. It helps the owner of business and managers for the covering expenses of the business after which the business will generate profit in a sales needed. The sales volume required to break-even is known as break-even analysis.[9] It is helpful for managers for understanding the business proposition viability but it has also various weaknesses such as difficulty in calculating break-even for that business who is dealing with more than one product[10]. It is unrealistic to have straight line representation of costs and revenue. It is sometimes impossible to have same fixed cost and sales price for the different level of the production. With the use of break even method, a margin of safety is ignored that is offered by convertible for making the payment of the principal amount on maturity.[11] Changes taking place frequently in the product selling price can affect the reliabil ity of break-even analysis. Sometimes, data can be inaccurate or misleading that can lead to incorrect break-even forecasts.[12] It has no scope of keeping stock as it is assumed that total output produced will be sold. Many times, it oversimplifies the situation of a business such as average revenue and variable costs are considered for the calculation but in real life there will be more considerable variations. From the above-stated weakness, it can be said that it is a planning aid and should not be used for decision-making tool.[13] 4. Factors influencing the miners break-even costs The cost of sales was $US 6051 in 2015 and $US 6078 in 2014. From the data collected, it is noted that Fortescue's break-even point fell more than the other miners, by $US48.10 a tonne. There are many factors that influence the break-even costs such as market demand, cash cost, quality, sales volume, price per unit reduction in direct labour cost, variable cost, and fixed cost. Miners break-even cost is influenced by cash cost, quality consideration, and freight. Quality consideration of Fortescue Metals Group (FSUGY) has grades below 58% with 100% fines production. In freight, Fortescue is closer to the end market so only its grades and fines production led to a discount on the benchmark prices.[14] Fortescue was aiming for a $US36 a tonne break-even in the year 2015 but tracking at around $US37. UBS puts Fortescue's break-even at $US39 a tonne.[15] The sustainability is protected by Fortescue by reducing costs that helped to lower its cash costs that dropped to $US14.79 in December quarter 2015 from $US15.80 in March quarter 2015. Key components of miners' break-evens such as mine-site cash costs were controlled by the company that were the fourth largest contributor to the collective reduction in break-even levels, the declining contribution is about $US4.30 a tonne to the collective $US32.10 a tonne.[16] As on 30 June 2015, cash and cash equivalents were US$2,381 million as compared to 30 June 2014, it was US$2,398 million. Operating cash flows for the financial year 2015 were US$2,037 million and in the year 2014, it was US$6,248 million. Companys interest and finance cost paid was US$605 million and US$853 million in 2015 and 2014 respectively showing a reduction in interest an finance cost paid. Dividend payments were of US$343 million in 2015 and US$581 million in 2014 that also includes the payment of a final dividend of 10 Australian cents.[17] From the above, it can be said that cost of break-even point has declined in the year 2015 as compared to previous year that was influenced by cash cost, quality consideration, and freight. As stated by Nev Power, chief executive of the Fortescue, the biggest opportunity for reduction of the break-even cost was finance instead of its mining operations, mainly with the interest repayments reduction.[18] 5. Iron ore industry market analysis and companies at most risk For analysis of iron ore industry, porters five forces are evaluated as below: Threat of new entrants: Barrier to entry is high in iron ore industry because high set up cost is needed with many government rules and regulations for leasing and licensing. Bargaining power of suppliers: Suppliers bargaining power is high as there are very few suppliers who can supply the specialist equipments required by the company. This industry has suppliers in labour, materials, energy, shipping, and energy costs for which negligible substitutes are available. Therefore, the bargaining power of suppliers is strong[19]. Bargaining power of buyers: There is moderate to low bargaining power of buyers as there are many substitutes which are not available in large quantity. Rivalry among industry: There is medium or low threat of rivalry due to less number of competitors. Threat of substitutes: It is medium to low in this industry because there are many substitutes as raw material products available in the market.[20] Grange Resources (54), BC Iron (52), Anglo American (51) and Atlas Iron (46) are the iron ore companies who are among the most risk facing companies because they have high break-even prices. It indicates that companies are unable to manage various costs such as variable, fixed, semi-variable cost, etc.[21]. References A $US40 iron ore price will actually help BHP and Rio. The Australian. Last modified: December 02, 2015, Annual Report 2014, Fortescue Metals Group (FMG), Last modified: 2014, Annual Report 2015, Fortescue Metals Group (FMG), Last modified: 2014, Bebbington, Jan, Jeffrey Unerman, and Brendan O'Dwyer.Sustainability accounting and accountability. UK: Routledge, 2014. Bevis, Herman W.Corporate Financial Accounting in a Competitive Economy (RLE Accounting). UK: Routledge, 2013. Collier, Paul M.Accounting for managers: Interpreting accounting information for decision making. USA: John Wiley Sons, 2015. Droms, William G., and Jay O. Wright.Finance and accounting for nonfinancial managers: All the basics you need to know. UK: Basic Books, 2015. DRURY, C. M.Management and cost accounting. Germany: Springer, 2013. Easton, P. D., Wild, J. J., Halsey, R. F., and McAnally, M. L. Financial accounting for MBAs. UK: Cambridge Business Publishers, 2013. Edwards, J. R.A History of Financial Accounting (RLE Accounting) (Vol. 29). USA: Routledge, 2013.

Reliability Of Narrator Essays - Style, Point Of View, Fiction

Reliability Of Narrator Reliability of a Narrator Stories are often told by a narrator giving his/her point of view, by using omniscient, limited omniscient, or first person. The purpose of the narrator is to give facts and details, being reliable or not. Three stories we have read in class are The Body, by Stephen King, Defender of the Faith, by Philip Roth, and Everyday Use, by Alice Walker; which give examples of a reliable narrator. Each narrator was a reliable source of information, and told his/her story well. Stephen Kings. The Body, was an excellent representation of first person point of view narration. The main protagonist, Gordie, was not only the narrator but a major character. Gordie told the story as an adult looking back on his childhood experiences. He may not have remembered exactly what was said at the time, but he knew enough information to relay an honest recollection. The reliability of a storys narrator depends upon whether or not the reader can trust the information of the narrator. For example, I became acutely aware of all the noises inside me and outside me, like some crazy orchestra tuning up to play. The steady thump of my heart, the bloodbeat in my ears like a drum being played with brushes... (King 358). I felt that these sentences made Gordie more believable, because he acted more mature than the others. His thoughts ran deeper than most twelve year olds, but it was believable. King had written this story with stereotypical adolescent characters, but they ended up being less than ordinary. As the narrator, Gordie gave his own feelings as well as giving the views of the other three. For example, Teddys head shook without definition, unsure if this was true. Someone had redefined his pain, and redefined it in shockingly common terms. (King 352). Gordies reliability is maintained during the entire story because of his innocence as a character. There is no need for him to embellish the truth, because each event could be altered slightly by one of the other characters. Defender of the Faith, by Philip Roth, is a story in which the narrator becomes involved with the main protagonist of the story. This story is a good example of reliable narration, in that, Sergeant Marx goes through a life altering experience. Through his learning, he shows the reader that each event could have taken place. Marx has not acknowledged his religious differences until the first conversation with Sheldon Grossbart. You can stay and scrub floors or you can go to shul, this is the first recognition of Marxs religion (Arp 118). Given that Sergeant Marx is Jewish, we are able to pick out what is true about the religion and what is false. Marx points out more than one situation where he is manipulated for the benefit of Private Sheldon Grossbart. In doing this, he is letting the reader into his personal experience, regardless of what criticism he may receive. Everyday Use, by Alice Walker, was an extraordinary use of first person narration. At first, I had no idea where this story was going to take the reader. The narrator was passionate of her convictions about her eldest daughter. The narrator felt more bonded with the younger daughter, because she was willing to stay behind in the unchanging environment. The narrator showed disappointment when the eldest daughter, Dee, came for a visit. Dee wanted was to take the valuable belongings away from her mother and sister, because they wouldnt be properly used. It is best expressed in this quote from the story, Maggie cant appreciate these quilts! she said. Shed probably be backward enough to put them to everyday use (Arp 96). The narrators reliability is shown throughout the story by relating her situation to a broad group. Most of us have experienced similar events, making it easy to trust the narrator. The reliability of a narrator is what most readers depend on to make a good story. The main focus of the narrator is to make the readers become involved in the story. The reader should be able to step into the shoes of one of the characters. In the stories listed above, one can conclude that narration is key to having a successful story. English Essays

Reasons for a Dysfunctional Family Essay Essays

Reasons for a Dysfunctional Family Essay Essays Reasons for a Dysfunctional Family Essay Essay Reasons for a Dysfunctional Family Essay Essay Reasons for in instance of dysfunctional families/child maltreatment + disregard* Drugs/alcohol* Parents go forthing childs to fend for themselves* Less belonging to churches + moral life lessons* Parent separation + divorce* Baby fillip may promote people to hold kids for the incorrect grounds What are the positive effects of a positive ( good ) self-pride? ] Positive mentalityPositive ideasGood self-esteem degreeGood assurance Self Assurance 1. Assurance is the belief or feeling that a individual has about themselves. which assists them to accomplish in life. The development of assurance may be influenced by civilization. environment. age. ability. life experiences. gender. rearing outlooks. 2. The factors that may lend to the positive or negative development is a hapless mentality. hapless organic structure image. dysfunctional household. Your civilization. environment. age. ability. life experiences. gender. rearing outlooks. 3. The perceptual experiences of muliebrity and maleness on an individual’s development of assurance is strong gender categorizations and stereotypes can do –girls in particular- feel less than male childs. In some civilizations. even in our ain. females are pushed into a lesser mental province. non being able to accomplish every bit much. 4. A ) Achieves hapless faculty members – negative B ) Struggles to do friends – negativeC ) Takes on new challenges – positiveD ) Feels good about their accomplishments – positive Heredity 1. Heredity is the fluctuation in single growing and development is partially a consequence of heredity or familial factors. Genes contribute to differences between males and females and between persons of the same gender. They besides contribute to the similarities between people. Accepting physical visual aspect and difference. along with other familial traits. is an of import portion of development. Genes straight determine an individual’s hair. tegument and oculus coloring material. and certain wellness conditions. Heredity besides has a strong influence on other single features. including tallness. weight. and even personality. Body form is mostly controlled by familial features and. although it may be altered by factors such as diet and exercising. it can non be dramatically changed. 2. The factors that may impact positively or negatively on an individual’s development through heredity are: Positive – olive tegument doesn’t bloom. good wellness. tall. fast metamorphosis Negative – inherited disorders/illnesses. just skin burn easy. really short. slow metamorphosis – prone to burden derive easy. drug/alcohol – negative traits ( e. g. fetal intoxicant syndrome ) . physical visual aspect that draws negative attending from equals. allergic reactions ( e. g. beestings. peanuts. grasses etc. ) Environment Environment refers to the external ( force per unit areas ) factors that influence an individual’s development. Environmental influences on persons change as they move through their life rhythm. Example – Baby is influenced by household. a kid is influenced by kid care/grandparents/carers. kid/teenager is influenced by equals and instructors at school. * Low socio-economic family * Unhappy/unsatisfied parents ( angry family. deficiency of attending. kid may be scapegoat. low regard ) * Loving. secure. stable family

Adolf Hitler

Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler was born on April 20, 1889 in Braunau am Inn, Austria. His parents were Alois Hitler and Klara Polzl. Adolf was the fourth child out of six. Three years after he was born, the family relocated from Austria to Germany. Typically, Adolf Hitler and his father did not agree; the fine arts fascinated Adolf, but his father disapproved of it. Adolf Hitler was profoundly affected by the death of his younger brother, Edmund. Adolf Hitler also displayed a curiosity in German nationalism at a young age. His mother permitted him to quit school two years following his father’s death in 1903. After he abandoned school, he moved to Vienna. Adolf was an aspiring watercolor painter in Vienna. He applied two times to the Academy of Fine Arts and was rejected both times. Hitler served in the German military during World War I. Although Adolf was an Austrian citizen, he was still authorized to serve in the German army. He received the Iron Cross First Class and the Blac k Wound Badge after World War I. Adolf Hitler did not take likeness to the fact that the Germans had capitulated in 1918 during the First World War. Adolf Hitler began to adopt various anti-Semitic, nationalist, and anti-Marxist ideas whilst being an associate of the German Worker’s Party. While being involved with the German Worker’s Party, Adolf Hitler created the notorious swastika. Adolf Hitler started to compose speeches opposed to the Treaty of Versailles, Jews, and additional groups. An abundant amount of the history of Germany is revolved around Hitler and the Nazi Party, but it is not the respectable kind of history. The Nazi Party was primarily designated as the â€Å"German Workers’ Party† which was established via Anton Drexter and Karl Harrer. The party was to support nationalism in Germany; they additionally believed the Treaty of Versailles was a liability to Germany. The war could have been resolved without the treaty, but the party was not on the radar of anyone until Hitler joined it. He was an extremely charismatic man, and he brought numerous new members in with his speeches. The Jews were the reason the war was lost, or at least this is what Hitler said. Since the Jews were only an insignificant part of the population, this gained him several supporters. Quickly the party was renamed the â€Å"Nationalist Socialist German Workers’ Party†. This name is frequently abbreviated to the Nazi Party. As time went by, Hitler got m ore admired and more popular, and as he got recognized, so did the Nazi Party. The country was in a fragile state and needed a dependable leader like they assumed Hitler was, and he acquired leadership of the Nazi party in July of 1921. This party was everything Hitler needed to grab the publics’ attention, and he began ascending the political ladder very quickly. The Nazi Party tried to achieve power of Germany resulting in Hitler getting five years in prison; this is where he composed his autobiography. In elections for leadership over Germany, the Nazi Party didn’t do extremely well, and their greatest percent of the ballots was 37.3%. The reason that the Nazis had considerably supplementary dominance was because of their muscle power, but they didn’t have as many supporters as certain other parties might have had. Instead of coming to power by the right technique, they forced their way to the top. Hitler had constantly been a little different, but nobody would have ever supposed it would lead to what transpires in the conclusion. When Hitler and the Nazi party gained power over Germany on January 30th, 1933, they didn’t have complete control, but he would obtain it by March. The speed at which he gained control over the entire country was impractical. Hitler’s military training assisted him a lot in the campaigning process, and his communication with the public won over much of the population. His conventions for his campaign were more like military processions than anything else because they were prearranged, coordinated, and proficient. When he communicated to the citizens, he spoke with passion and authority in every sentence. One of the main significant part of his party was the SA; also identified as the Stormtroopers. They were an assembly of men, usually discharged from the military, that functioned to protect Hitler. Instead of doing just this, they seemed to disrupt many of the other parties’ gatherings, but there was nothing the other parties could do about it. They were being a ttacked by Hitler and the Stormtroopers, but they were far stronger than additional parties. For instance, Hitler was sent to prison for his part in a mob occurrence on additional political subject in September of 1921. Germany, being in such a weak state, needed a strong, dependable leader, and they understood was Hitler. The Stormtroopers were just a single fragment of Hitler’s party that disrupted the harmony, but it was probably the ultimate one. The SA were comparable to a gang of individuals that terrorized additional political parties and inhabitants. They started out as predominantly veterans, but quickly there were more and more ferocious thugs in the assortment with them. Hitler was trying to accomplish being chancellor by intimidating several of the other parties, and I suppose it operated somewhat. The single reason Hitler gained control over the country was because of the Jews, and without them, he would have never been chancellor. After the war, the people of Germany desired somebody to blame for the devastation of their country. Instead of accusing themselves, they listened to Hitler and blamed the Jews, but in honesty, the Jews had nothing to do with it. They were the minority of the population, and they received the blame. When the Nazis came to power, the Holocaust started along with the downfall and the introduction to the most fatal battle in human history. The word Holocaust originally meant sacrificial offers burned on an altar, but since 1945, the term has taken on a horrific new meaning. The Holocaust entailed the genocide of 6 million Jews and other minority groups by the German Nazis throughout the Second World War. The Nazi ruler Adolf Hitler saw Jews as racially inferior and a threat to the German purity, although his reasoning and roots of his ideas are unclear. One of the leading causes of World War II is the Holocaust. After centuries of anti-Judaism which led to anti-Semitism, the Holocaust officially started when Adolf Hitler came to power as chancellor of Germany on January 30, 1933. The first of the concentration camps opened in Dachau in March 1933. Within four months, an estimated 27,000 people were held in custody in the camps. Many concentrations camps were built and followed therefore after, with a total of 20,000 German camps established. By this time, Jews comprised one percent of the overall German population. Throughout the following six years, the Nazis began controlling and rejecting non-Aryans from civil service, disbanding Jewish owned businesses and organizations. A set of rules called the Nuremberg Laws of 1935, established Jews and German blood and forbade marriage between the two. The Jews then became targets and objectives for persecution. This climaxed in Kristallnacht in November 1938, where Jewish buildings were ransacked and demolished. After Germany invaded Poland in 1939, ghettos were established in numerous Polish cities. The ghettos integrated the Jews and effectively imprisoned them. The living circumstances in the restricted ghettos were atrocious, and illness, hunger and congestion killed the majority. The Germans expelled Jews from all over Europe to these ghettos. Meanwhile, opening in the autumn of 1939, Nazi officials chose approximately 70,000 Germans institutionalized with mental illness or debilities to be gassed to death in the Euthanasia Program. After important German spiritual leaders protested, Hitler ended the program in August 1941. Killings of the disabled persisted in secrecy, and by only four years around 275,000 people deemed handicapped had been exterminated. In retrospection, the Euthanasia Program operated as a pilot for the Holocaust. Beginning in 1941, all Jews in German territory were distinguished with a yellow star badge. As more Jews were deported to camps, experimentations with mass destruction had been continuing at the concentration camp of Auschwitz, near Krakow. The first of the mass gassings began near Lublin at the camp of Belzec. Gassing processes by vans and chambers became popular after the Einsatzgruppe members made complaints of agony after shooting large numbers of women and children, plus it was cheaper. These mobile killings entities, Einsatzgruppen, gassed mostly Jews, Roma, and the mentally ill. Zyklon B is infamous for its use in the gas chambers at Auschwitz and other camps. At Auschwitz only, more than 2 million people were slaughtered, and as many as 12,000 Jews were killed daily. The majority of the world was affected by World War II, especially the West. The war began September 1, 1939, and the concluding date from World War II was September 2, 1945. During these years an overwhelming multitude of actions happened in the West. Throughout the duration of the war, the world was divided between the axis powers, which were Germany, Italy, and Japan. Many nations fought against the axis power such as, Lebanon, San Marino, Belgium, Egypt, Liberia, Saudi Arabia, Bolivia, El Salvador, Luxembourg, South Africa, Brazil, Ethiopia, Mexico, Soviet Union, Canada, France, Mongolian People\’s Republic, Syria, Chile, Great Britain, and the Netherlands. Whilst these nations fought against the axis powers a plethora of events were occurring in the Middle East during World War II. Egypt, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, and Palestine all had a role during this duration of time and were all affected by the events that the war brought about. Although there was much fighting in other parts of the world, the Middle East countries during World War II were busy being pro axis or neutral. This meant that the countries were either coinciding with the axis powers or they had been taken over by a higher power. For example, Egypt was pro axis before the war, but became neutral due to King Farouk conceding to British command over Egypt’s government. Like Egypt, Iraq was pro axis, and their pro axis sentiment was tied to anti-British. This did not sit well with the British and they invaded Iraq and occupied it until 1947. Since the British were occupying Iraq, their army could station and transit troops through Iraq, which was an exceptionally, outstanding advantage to have during the war. Syria, on the other hand, was governed by the Vichy forces after the fall of France. Once France became free, Syria and Lebanon were supposed to be free too, due to an arrangement that had been made. It was hard to accomplish freeing Syria and Lebanon. The power to carry off such a reoccupation was difficult for France, so the independence of Syria and Lebanon was not recognized till the end of the war. Meanwhile in Palestine, Jews were arriving in waves in the hope of fleeing the Nazis. Military organizations such as Haganah, IZL, and Stern Gang were very active in the region. Illegal immigrations of Jews into Palestine were often carried out with these military organizations’ assistance. Immigration restrictions on the White Paper of 1939 were violated due to the wave of Jews arriving illegally in Palestine. The move of the Jews paved the way for the creation of Israel. Palestine was then set up to become a battlefield due to the immigration of the Jews. Not only were places in the Middle East being occupied, but locations around the region of the West began to be occupied by Germans. Austria, Poland, France, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Luxembourg, Belgium, and parts of the Soviet Union were only a few of the places in the West occupied by the Germans during World War II. The occupation of these countries was a horrid time, but the liberation and end of these occupations was an occasion that would be forever remembered in history to come. On March 12, 1938, Austria became the first nation that was annexed by Nazi Germany. Austrian Nazis conspired several times to capture the Austrian government and connect with Nazi Germany. Austria’s Chancellor Kurt von Schuschnigg met with Adolf Hitler with hopes of confirming Austria’s independence, but returned with Austrian Nazis added to his cabinet. Schuschnigg called for a vote on annexation, but before anything could take place, Schuschnigg gave in to the pressure and resigned shortly after. He pleaded for his country not to resist any German advances into the country. The following day, German troops accompanied by Hitler entered Austria. Hitler allotted a Nazi government to rule and the annexation was proclaimed. Austria continued as a federal state of Germany until the conclusion of the War; the Allies declared the Anschluss void and reinstated Austria. By the summer of the same year of annexation, the Mauthausen camp was established, it was the main Nazi camp in the country. The Germans entitled the camp a category III camp, representing the harsh regimen and punishment. Thousands of prisoners were worked to death because of the harsh punishments including forced labor work like carrying heavy solid stone slabs up 186 steps near the camp. On November 1938, Kristallnacht or Night of Broken Glass, began when synagogues in the capital were destroyed and burned. Jewish buildings and businesses were ravaged and vandalized, and then the Jews were taken to the Dachau or Buchenwald camps. The reaction external to Germany on Kristallnacht was astonishment and outrage, making a storm of negative publicity in tabloids and among radio reporters that attended to isolate Hitler\’s Germany from the civilized nations and deteriorate any pro-Nazi attitudes in those countries. Following Kristallnacht, the United States withdrew its ambassador permanently. Another of the countries mentioned that was occupied by Germany was Poland. Poland had many difficulties withstanding their country because so many of their neighboring countries had succumbed to war. With their weak economy, Poland was unable to protect their country from invaders. Germany and the Soviet Union had a non-aggression treaty towards each other, but the countries became divided in 1939. After this happened, Germany attacked the Soviet Union during the summer of 1941 in order to become the sole occupier of Poland. Many people want to blame Germany for their cruelty towards the Polish Jews and other citizens, but the Soviet Union also was involved in abusing the citizens of Poland, who they were occupying over at this time. Although many Jews were killed in concentration camps, there were also many casualties that resulted from the horrible mentality of the Germans and Soviets. About 5.7 million Polish citizens were killed by the German occupiers, and only one hundred and fifty thousand Polish were murdered by the Soviet Union during their few years as occupiers. Clearly, the Germans were extremely more abusive than the Soviets, but any death is worthy of punishment. The Polish showed their resistance by organizing uprisings and riots to show their imprisoners that they were tired of being abused emotionally and physically. These uprisings include the ones in Warsaw where both the Ghetto citizens and the non-Jewish people rose up against their oppressors. The uprising of the Warsaw Ghetto began on April 19, 1943 when the inhabitants refused to obey their orders, and in retaliation, police commander SS-Brigadefà ¼hrer Jà ¼rgen Stroop ordered the burning of the entire Ghetto. The last German troops were expelled from Poland thanks to the Red Army in March 1945, weeks before the final allied victory over Europe. France was another area occupied by Nazi Germany. The end of their occupation would not come until the summer of 1944. France was liberated b y the successful allied operations called Overlord and Dragoon. Czechoslovakia was another country that became occupied by Germany in World War II, but the country was actually handed over to Germany peacefully. The Munich Pact was signed by, Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, French Premier Edouard Daladier, and British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain. The Munich Pact was an agreement that handed over a portion of Czechoslovakia that contained voluminous amounts of German speakers, and this section of Czechoslovakia is what the German military began occupying in 1938. In March of 1938, the complete and total conquest of Czechoslovakia became Hitler’s next ambition. During late March, Czechoslovakia succumbed to German occupation because they were weak after the annexation of the German part of the country called the Sudetenland. The Germans rule would come to an end following the March 1945 Rhine Rivers crossing that precipitated the U.S. Army’s involvement with Czech oslovakia. Finally, the Czechoslovakians were freed after six long years of occupation in April of 1945. In 1938, France joined Great Britain in an attempt to appease Nazi aggression. France signed the Munich Pact and helped give Germany â€Å"permission† to invade the Sudeten territories of Czechoslovakia. It was soon clear that this attempt at appeasement failed. After Germany invaded Poland in September 1939, France declared war. France\’s war against Germany did not last long. On June 22, 1940, France surrendered to Germany. France was occupied by the Germans until 1944. June 6 of that year was D-day. A massive Allied force invaded the beaches of Normandy. D-Day, also referred to as â€Å"The Invasion of Normandy†, is considered by some to be the turning point of the twentieth century. D-Day occurred on June 6, 1944 when troops of mostly American, British, and Canadian origin landed on the beaches of Normandy, France. Originally, D-Day was set for June 5, but had to be postponed because of inclement weather. In the military, the phrase â€Å"D-Day† simply represents a day of which an operation or combat attack is intended to transpire; however, the most acclaimed D-Day would be the Invasion of Normandy. The Allied troops landed on the beaches of Normandy with the intent of liberating France and the rest of northwest Europe from German occupation. There were 156,000 soldiers who landed on the coastline, but by the end of the invasion ten thousand soldiers were either killed, wounded, or decl ared missing. D-Day was and continues to be the largest amphibious assault in all of history-virtually flooding the coast of Normandy with ships. An amphibious assault is an offensive military operation using naval ships to deliver the troops to the hostile shore or landing beach. The codename for this invasion of France was â€Å"Operation Overlord†. The overall commander for this operation was American General Dwight Eisenhower. Fifty miles of coastline in Normandy, France were used for this assault with the coastline on which the soldiers landed divided into five sections. The code names for these sectors of coastline were: Omaha Beach, Utah Beach, Sword Beach, Juno Beach, and Gold Beach. Many lives were lost on these beaches, over three thousand fatalities at Omaha beach alone. Operation Overlord ended on August 19, 1944 when the Allies crossed the River Seine. In total, 425,000 troops, Allied and German were either killed, wounded, or missing by the end of D-day invasion . Another country that became occupied by Germans was Denmark. Denmark was conquered by Germany on April 9, 1940, although Hitler was not interested in the country itself but more so for control and its air bases for future attacks on Norway. Also, Denmark was to be together with Germany to prevent an Allied invasion. Denmark was relatively easy to take over and was not a challenge, considering the soldiers’ defense lasting only a few hours and then quickly surrendered. Denmark’s government negotiated with the German invasion forces on easy terms. Because the Danish were easy to cooperate with and Germany\’s absence of interest in Denmark, the occupation went quite serenely at first. The administration stayed in office and government remained mainly in Danish hands, although the police were obliged to accommodate with the Germans. Although Denmark’s population was obviously against the occupation, there was a need to handle the condition in a pragmatic manner. This era, branded the â€Å"politics of cooperation†, continued until 1943. One of the great successes out of the peaceful collaboration was that the Danish Jews were not mistreated or wronged throughout this time. By 1943, Denmark had become dissatisfied with the Germans and turned to strikes. The Germans in response tried to impose the death penalty but failed when the Danish government refused. On August 28, the cooperation between the two countries ended, and by October all the Jews were to be deported. This was ultimately prevented when the Jewish populations were transported to Sweden, where they were safe. When the statement of freedom was broadcasted on the radio on May 4, 1945, people everywhere assembled into the streets waving their countries’ flags. Denmark was liberated by the British forces by the following day, but shortly after, the island of Bornholm was occupied by the Russian Army and not liberated until 1946. Austria was occupied by Soviet and American forces during April and May 1945. The Holocaust lasted until 1945, where liberations of the camps slowly removed Hitler from authority. By the culmination of the War, there were an estimated 50,000 to 100,000 survivors who lived in occupied Europe. Since many survivors saw it impossible to return home, the Allies powers created what is present day Israel as a permanent homeland for Jewish survivors in 1948. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republic, or U.S.S.R. for short, became involved in World War II when it was invaded by Nazi Germany on June 22,1941. Ironically, the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany had signed a peace agreement in 1939 promising to avoid conflict. In this pact, called the German-Soviet Nonagression Pact, they agreed to not attack each other when World War II began and for the next ten years. Articles have stated that the reason Soviet leader Joseph Stalin signed the Nonagression Pact was to keep his nation on peaceful terms with Germany, and in addition, give his country time to make its military larger and more powerful. Adolf Hitler signed this pact for the Germans because he wanted to assure that the Germans could invade Poland unopposed. The pact was broken in June of 1941 when Nazi forces invaded the Soviet Union. This secret military offensive, known by the codename Operation Barbarossa, covered a distance of two thousand miles. The Germans had a strong, reliable, a nd vast army for this invasion and they were extremely confident they could defeat the Soviets with ease. However, they were proven wrong. The inability of the Germans to defeat the Soviet Union in this invasion marked a critical juncture in World War II, as the Soviet triumph weakened the German military effort and rallied the Allies. In July of 1942, the Soviet Union was yet again invaded by Nazi Germany in the Battle of Stalingrad. The Russians were determined to defend the city of Stalingrad because it served as a vital industrial and transportation center. This battle stopped the German advancement into the Soviet Union, and was a catalyst that turned the tide of the war in favor of the Allied forces. This battle was one of the bloodiest in Russian history, and is regarded as one of that country’s greatest military victories. Belgium was also an additional country that became occupied by Nazi Germany. With all the suffering that transpired in World War I, King Leopold III and the citizens of Belgium desired to be left out of World War II. Belgium was unbiased until the Germans captured their country. On May 10, 1940, Belgium was imprisoned by the Nazis. The citizens of Belgium resisted confinement; they were inexorably defeated. The Jews began to be persecuted in Belgium due to the invasion of Germans. Belgium was captured to be a location for the Germans to operate. Since Belgium borders France, Germany assumed that being situated in Belgium would provide an improved opportunity to invade. Saboteurs destroyed major railways that led from Germany to France. Belgium had a colony in the Congo of Africa where it had access to masses of uranium. Belgium gave a quantity of this uranium to the United States for the manufacturing of an atomic bomb. In 1944, Belgium was liberated from the Germans. The imprisonmen t by the Germans traumatized Belgium as a country along with the residents. Germany halted exports of coke to the Luxembourg steel industry which made Luxembourg slightly hostile. Although Luxembourg was impartial, the country was captured by the Nazis on May 10, 1940. Germany captured Luxembourg to have an additional base to maneuver off of; this would enable a better opportunity to attack France. The royal family and the government evacuated to Canada, so Gustav Simon took control over the government in Luxembourg. He ridded the Luxembourg citizens of anything that was French. Citizens were informed to not use French greetings any longer. People were not permitted to wear French berets. Several Jews were extradited to Spain and France, but those countries rejected them too. Other Jews were relocated to concentration camps. The Germans cleared all Jews out of Luxembourg. The additional non-Jewish citizens went about their daily existence. They sustained their routines and anticipated every day to be liberated. Luxembourg was liberated on September 10, 1944. The citizens and the country were overwhelmed by the Germans capture and interrogation. Switzerland was a neutral nation for both World War I and World War II. This allowed them to concern themselves with protecting their own country and inhabitants, while also serving as a neutral territory. Several historians claim that Switzerland remains prodigious because they allowed their country to be a safe haven for refugees, but in truth, the Swiss government laid out many restrictions towards the refugees and a countless amount were turned away. A person could not find refuge in Switzerland unless they were under personal threat because of their political activities; refugees could not enter Switzerland if they were escaping discrimination over their race, religion, or ethnicity, but eventually, Switzerland gave 300,000 refugees access to their designated refugee areas. They accepted about 27,000 Jews, and this act saved numerous lives. It seems much happened in the West during World War II. The Middle East had a wide assortment of conflicts and the end of many occupations in the West took place. In Egypt, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, and Palestine, many exploits occurred. The end of occupations in countries inhabiting the West had a lot of fighting, killing, and freedoms. Without everything that occurred in the West, history today would be forever changed. Hitler became chairman of the German Worker’s Party in 1921. Adolf Hitler and a Nazi paramilitary organization stormed a communal conference in a beer hall announcing that a novel government was emergent. In conclusion of his actions, Hitler was apprehended afterwards and placed in a penitentiary for a year where he composed the earliest volume of his book, Mein Kampf. This book illustrates Hitler’s strategies to convert Germany into a one race nation. In 1932, Hitler competed for presidency two times. He lost both times to Paul von Hindenburg. After coming in second place, Hitler was designated chancellor. By the uprisings, Hitler and his organization had performed, the other parties were completely intimidated, and on July 14, 1933, Hitler’s Nazi Party was the only officially permitted political party in Germany. An original decree was established stating that the presidential powers were now coalesced with the chancellor powers, so when Hindenburg died, Hitler obtained unmitigated power. The Night of the Long Knives occurred on June 30, 1934 which was the assassination of people that Hitler considered would be a threat in the future. Adolf Hitler endorsed anti-smoking campaigns. He believed in eating healthy; people’s bodies should remain unpolluted. He did not imbibe alcohol or consume meat. Adolf commenced segregating people by constructing innovative regulations where Jews could not marry non-Jews. Persecutions and exterminations transpired throughout the Holocaust if an individual happened to be Jewish, Polish, a communist, a homosexual, a Jehovah’s Witness, or a trade unionist. There are rumors about Hitler’s religion. Some people state he had Jewish or African background. One of the stories was that his father was the illegitimate child of a woman that was a maid for a wealthy Jewish man. In 1939, Germans attempted the blitzkrieg against Poland first. They corroborated it would succeed; then it was executed on Belgium, the Netherlands, and France in 1940. The residents in Germany during World War II had grocery allowances. With the provisions being rationed, various people had more victuals during rationing than they had previously. There was a scarcity of petroleum in Germany. People were permitted to utilize warm water twice a week to manage the quantity of fuel depleted. Soap was an additional article that was limited; furthermore, there was no toilet paper. The black market thrived during World War II, since denizens were exchanging regulated merchandise. In September 1940, children were advised to evacuate Berlin, but the majority did not vacate. Germans wanted women to have more children, so the population could proliferate. Additionally, Germans exhorted women to labor more, but the Germans were ineffective. After World War II, the nation and the populace of Germany were devastated. It took an extensive period for Germany to recuperate from the downfall of the nation. Hitler did not only ensue devastation upon the regions that were occupied by German forces. He has done many horrifying things to countries that were never taken over by his army. One of the wickedest things Hitler accomplished was the bombing of London, but there are many other things as well. Not only did he plunge a bomb down on London, he dropped thousands of them, and the first penetration was on September 7, 1940 when about 350 German bombers appeared above London being accompanied by 650 fighters. This bombing alone devastated London, but there was far worse to come in the future. In the first attack alone, over 450 inhabitants were slaughtered and 1,300 were sincerely injured, and while London was still picking up the pieces from the night before, Hitler and his men struck again. They did the same precise thing every single night for two whole months, and the people of London assumed it would never end. On December 29, nineteen churches were demolished; furthermore, this was a Sunday. Overall, around 30,000 bombs were dropped on London, and the first thirty days 6,000 people were killed. This overwhelmed London for a long time, but the occurrences ultimately ceased in May of 1941. Now London had to pick up what was left of their population or attempt to, but it would prove to take an extremely extensive period to get to where they were. Hitler supposed that defeating London from the air would devastate them, but they awaited patiently for it to stop and took it as it. Hitler did some horrifying things to many countries and their inhabitants, and some people blame it on his childhood. Evil was inside of him the day he was born, and the day he killed himself. The North African Campaign began in June of 1940, the campaign lasted for three years, ending during May of 1943. When the North African Campaign commenced, The Axis and Allied powers were fighting nonstop, back and forth in northern Africa. The region that is considered to be North Africa included Algeria, Tunisia, Egypt, Sudan, Libya, Morocco, and parts of the Sahara Desert. The North African Campaign was comprised of three phases, the Western Desert Campaign, Operation Torch, and the Tunisia Campaign. The Western Desert Campaign was the opening conflict. The Axis and Allied powers fought during this campaign in the countries of Libya and Egypt. This battle was launched when Italian General Rodolfo Graziani invaded Egypt. The Western Campaign was consisted of constant battling between the Axis powers and the Allied powers. The next phase following the Western Campaign was Operation Torch. Operation Torch involved the British and United States military forces launching an amphibious maneuver in French North Africa. The French retained control over two territories, Algeria and Morocco. These territories were the location for the landing of this operation. This battle had the code name â€Å"Torch†, this name was the result of many long arguments between the American and British strategists. These planners struggled to make a decision about the future course of action for the Allies. These arguments were ultimately settled by President Franklin Roosevelt with the decision to in vade North Africa. President Roosevelt worked together with British Prime Minister Winston Church Hill during this operation. Torch’s impact was important to the outcome of the war and was later recognized as one of the most significant strategic decision the Allied leaders would make. The next phase of the North African Campaign was the Tunisia Campaign. The Allies began this assault with another amphibious landing in eastern Tunisia in January, 1943. The German General, Erwin Rommel was cut off from his supply bases by the Americans and the British during his attempt to stall them with his defensive operations. The Axis powers were outgunned and outnumbered. The Allies made steady advances by forcing the Axis troops into a pocket along the northern Tunisian coast. The Allies captured the last remaining Axis port and six days after this occurred the Axis army surrendered. This left 267,000 German and Italian soldiers as prisoners of war. During the entire North African Campaign, 220,00 British and American soldiers were lost, while the German and Italians suffered 620,000 casualties. This Allied victory was critically important to the course of this War. The win in North Africa removed the Axis threat to middle eastern oil fields and also their threat to the Briti sh supply lines into Asia and Africa. The reign of Nazi Germany must have certainly felt like an eternity to the groups of people who were negatively affected by its power, but the power and control that the Nazis had accumulated did eventually wean. There were many factors to the fall of Nazi Germany, including attacks made against Germany as the government was growing weaker and the death of Hitler. The Battle of Berlin was the last major offensive of World War II leading up to Hitler’s suicide. During the Battle of Berlin, which began on April 16, 1945 and ended on May 2, 1945, Hitler assimilated himself into an underground bunker that was fifty feet below the Nazi headquarters in Berlin. The Red Army fought forces containing the German Army for control of the capital city of Nazi Germany. He married Eva Braun, whilst inside the bunker, on April 29, 1945. Multiple families of important Nazi officials joined the couple in the bunker. One of the families elected to have their children killed by cyanide. Hitler instigated the testing of cyanide pills on the family dog and its puppies. Both the doctor and Hitler desired that the pills would not fail if needed to commit suicide. When Hitler inquired the opinion of the doctor on the proper way to commit suicide, the doctor advocated a cyanide pill and gunshot at the same time. On April 30, 1945, after Soviet troops overcame the street-to-street combat in Berlin Hitler nad Braun committed suicide in the bunker. Eyewitness accounts claim that only one gunshot was heard from the room where Hitler and Eva planned to kill themselves in. A few minutes after the shot was heard, a few people, who were living in the bunker at this time, decided to open the door and see if Hitler and his wife were dead. There were no pictures taken at the site of Hitler and Eva’s death. Historians must believe the written accounts of spectators because there is no real evidence of Hitler’s death. Witnesses claimed to have seen Hitler, with his head on a table, holding a gun in his hand, and Eva sitting in a chair facing Hitler with a cyanide pill coursing through her body. Adolf and Eva Hitler were known as dead throughout the world, but their companions in the bunker seized their bodies and burned them upon request by Hitler. The Russians were ordered to find the body of Hitler in order to be sure he was dead, but the bodies were not discovered until May of 1945. From the 4th through the 8th of May, most of the remaining German armed forces in Europe surrendered which led to the end of World War II. The surrender document was signed on the 7th of May, 1945 in a Reims, France schoolhouse, which was being used as General Dwight Eisenhower’s temporary headquarters. The document was signed by Alfred Jodl, who was representing Admiral Doenitz at the meeting. The document was required to be printed out in the following four different languages: English, French, German, and Russian. Copies of the document had to be sent to London, Paris, and Moscow for approval. Press attended the meeting and took many pictures and took note of things that were said. It was noted that after Alfred Jodl signed the document, he addressed the crowd in the room and said, â€Å"I want to say a word. With this signature the German people and the German armed forces are for better or worse delivered into the victor’s hands. In this war, which has lasted more than five years, they both have achieved and suffered more than perhaps any other people in the world. In this hour I can only express the hope that the victor will treat them with generosity.† No one in the crowd had a response, and most of the Germans quietly left the room. After World War II in Europe was over, the impression that the war left on many of the Europeans who were affected by it remained intact, and the horrifying aftermath was a reminder of how hard life really was during the war. 54 million people as a result of the Holocaust. Another 60 million were uprooted from their homes. There were 11 million displaced persons, and there were more civilians killed than troops. 100,000 Jewish people were left to roam, and many of them travelled back to their home country. â€Å"Hitlerism† still lingered throughout Europe, and West Germany and East Germany were separated. The Nuremberg Trials were a series of 13 trials in Nuremberg, Germany. Starting on November 20, 1945 and ending on October 1, 1946. These trials were brought about so that the Nazi war criminals would face justice and be punished for the crimes they have committed against humanity. The defendants included Nazi Party officers, lawyers, and doctors. They were indicted on crimes against humanity and peace. Since Hitler was an important political leader, he had multiple decoys to insure his safety, but this can cause problems when looking for the real body of Hitler. Many historians believe that Hitler escaped Germany and fled to Argentina. There is a large Nazi presence in the small villages of Argentina. There are photographs were the Nazi flag can be seen being flown at many small schools. The Nazi Youth was a big organization, and it held a large manifestation in South Ameri

Maos Cult of Personality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Maos Cult of Personality - Essay Example The following discussion will be concentric upon the cult of personality surrounding Mao Tse Tung and the means by which this cult of personality was able to assist the People’s Republic of China, and specifically the Chinese Communist Party, in solidifying their grip on power during the period of the Cultural Revolution (approximately 1966 to 1976). Further, it is the distinct hope of this student that the following analysis will be beneficial in discussing how the Cultural Revolution was able to take place and the means by which identity was formulated through this particular cult of personality. As a means of framing this particular issue, it must be understood that Mao Tse Tung’s cult of personality was not something that was evident from the time he came into power as the Chairmen of the People’s Republic of China. Although doubtless revered within the Communist Party, and amongst the people of China, there did not exist a mechanism or state-sponsored cult of personality for the leader up until the beginning of the Cultural Revolution. Essentially, this cult of personality was born out of a direct need. As a direct result of the Great Leap Forward, Chinese industry, the row, and communist identity had been significantly reduced (MÃ ¡rquez, 2010). Whereas the Great Leap Forward had been designed as a means of rapidly transforming the People’s Republic of China into a modern industrialized society, the ultimate end result of this failed policy was mass starvation, economic difficulty, and disastrous collectivized nation that failed to produce the requir ed quotas of goods that leadership demanded. From the information that is thus far been provided, it is clear and apparent that the cult of personality exhibited around Chairman Mao was much more than a lust and desire for emulation and hero worship. Although it is doubtless true that the overall level of power that Chairman Mao, and those within Chinese leadership, exhibited served as a means of corrupting the ultimate message that they hoped to provide to the people, the true nature of Mao cult of personality that has been the focus of this particular analysis is in attempting to reestablish the legitimacy and trust of the people after the horrendous failures that were exhibited in terms of the great leap forward other failed policies of development during the late 1950s and early 1960s. Furthermore, it should also be understood that even though the cult of personality which has been the focus of this brief essay was intended to engage each and every stakeholder within China, the specific focus that it had was on the youth. This was of course done in the understanding that the youth of the nation were those that were most likely to carry on the communist struggle and encourage older individuals to have faith in the process and to promote the ideology and approach that Chairman Mao most wish to have affected. Without the participation and engagement of the youth, is doubtful that the Cultural Revolution, or indeed the cult of personality, could ever have become as powerful determinants in Chinese history as they have become. Â  

International Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

International Management - Essay Example What is a trade policy? It has been described as a government tool used to encourage or restrict import and export. These tools may be in form of tariffs, quotas and voluntary export restraint. There are also domestic mandatory regulations requiring for adoption to health and safety standards. The domestic mandatory regulations are done to encourage or discourage bringing of goods and services to the domestic economy. Another trading tool to encourage export production done by the government is paying of subsidy of certain products, such as subsidy to farming production. Subsidy to sugar production is common in the United States. Trade policies should also be negotiated in bilateral agreements as this will form part of the nation’s obligations and national policies. Antigua-Barbuda is a small country comprising of 442 square kilometers (171 square miles). For a clear idea of size, it is twice and a half the size of Washington D.C. It has an English speaking population of 74,097, has a workforce of 30,000 working for commerce and service, agriculture and other industry. Unemployment rate as of 2006 is 13%. (US Dept. of State. 2009) This policy has transformed the current level of export and importations of the country. It could be seen from Chart 1 below that exports have increased from US$400m in 2000-01 to US$600m in 2005-06, while the level of imports remain the same for the specified years. Country’s exports to Italy, Germany, Poland and Singapore consist of food, manufacturing, machines and petroleum products. Imported items are food, machines, chemicals and oil coming from China, Germany, Singapore and US. (Economy Watch) 3. Antigua-Barbuda’s trade policy. This part of the study will provide information on the national trade policy, information on agreements, regulations, standards and investment climate of

Aquinas First Proof Of The Existence of God :: essays research papers

I have chosen to write St. Thomas Aquinas’ proof citing motion as proof of the existence of God. Although I must admit to being a little confused the wording, I see it as being in terms of ability too, act of, and the first to act.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The ability too, is the potential of the object to act. This potential cannot be converted to the act unless acted upon by another object already in the state of action. An example, as used in the book, of the object that would be considered to have potentiality would be wood, it is potentially hot. This wood cannot become hot until that which is hot, the fire, acts upon it. When this meeting occurs the action of the wood becoming hot is a movement or change in the object.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The object in the act of in the above mentioned example is the fire. It is in the state of action. The fire is the initiator of the woods action. It transfers its energy to the wood allowing the wood to fulfill its potential.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In this case, or any other, neither the object that has the ability too nor the object in the state of action can be the first to act. The wood cannot be the first to act, as it is in the state of ability too. When the wood is in this state, it has no action to transfer, and therefore is obviously not the first to act. The fire, although able to transfer the action, must have been at one time in the state of ability too, and therefore was acted upon, making it not the first too act.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first to act is understood to be God. God is that which has action, but did not receive the action from another object. God was never in the state of ability too. God is only action, making God the beginning action.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Aquinas developed a proof that I can, in some ways, agree with. He basically argues that, although there doesn’t necessarily have to be an end to something, there has to be a beginning. He argues that all things are in a state of both the potential to be changed as well as the state of action, but the one understood to be God is only in the state of action. Aquinas First Proof Of The Existence of God :: essays research papers I have chosen to write St. Thomas Aquinas’ proof citing motion as proof of the existence of God. Although I must admit to being a little confused the wording, I see it as being in terms of ability too, act of, and the first to act.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The ability too, is the potential of the object to act. This potential cannot be converted to the act unless acted upon by another object already in the state of action. An example, as used in the book, of the object that would be considered to have potentiality would be wood, it is potentially hot. This wood cannot become hot until that which is hot, the fire, acts upon it. When this meeting occurs the action of the wood becoming hot is a movement or change in the object.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The object in the act of in the above mentioned example is the fire. It is in the state of action. The fire is the initiator of the woods action. It transfers its energy to the wood allowing the wood to fulfill its potential.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In this case, or any other, neither the object that has the ability too nor the object in the state of action can be the first to act. The wood cannot be the first to act, as it is in the state of ability too. When the wood is in this state, it has no action to transfer, and therefore is obviously not the first to act. The fire, although able to transfer the action, must have been at one time in the state of ability too, and therefore was acted upon, making it not the first too act.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first to act is understood to be God. God is that which has action, but did not receive the action from another object. God was never in the state of ability too. God is only action, making God the beginning action.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Aquinas developed a proof that I can, in some ways, agree with. He basically argues that, although there doesn’t necessarily have to be an end to something, there has to be a beginning. He argues that all things are in a state of both the potential to be changed as well as the state of action, but the one understood to be God is only in the state of action.

Analytical Examination Essay

This paper will analyze about the RA 10354 also called Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012. This essay will present a short history of the law here in the Philippines until it become enacted and implemented. This will discuss the major provisions of the law together with its important contents ranging from health care to contraception. This will also discuss the issues that are connected to this law while it was a bill such as maternal death, early pregnancy, premarital sex, poverty and population and reproductive health education. Issues concerned with legislation of the bill such as the necessity and morality of the bill and its contents like contraception and reproductive health education will be especially presented. Other news which may have affected the support for the bill will be also presented and analyzed. This will also present the major groups that approve or oppose the said law together with their reasons why they want or are against the said law. This will also talk about the actions those groups have taken for or against the law which may have affected the support for the bill’s implementation. This is also concerned with the voices of certain world organizations such as UNESCO and WHO on reproductive health education and the stand of the Church on the matter about contraception, self-continence and marriage. This will be concerned about their statement about the matter and the doctrines and values they adhere with. Summary Since its first proposition on 1988, the Reproductive Health Bill experienced many debates if it was really needed here in the Philippines. The proposition was changed and improved by a number of proponents many times but was mostly neglected. Then, a similar bill was also introduced in the first regular session of the 14th Congress by Albay Rep. Edcel C. Lagman, Jannette L. Garin, Narciso D. Santiago III, Mark Llandro Mendoza, Ana Theresia Hontiveros-Baraquel and Elandro Jesus F. Madrona that was known as House Bill 5043. Like that of the former bills, it was also disposed but its proponents never stop to improve, change and remove some parts of the former bill to create a new one. Many times Albay Rep. Edcel Lagman and its principal authors would edit the bill until the Reproductive Bill of 2012 was formed. Senator Pia Cayetano was also a principal sponsor of such bill. Upon December 19, 2012, the Senate enacted the bill and on December 21, 2012, four days before Christmas His Presidency, Benigno Aquino III signed the bill and was to be implemented fifteen days after its official publication. The law was known as RA 10354 or Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012. Its major provisions are to promote and have access to reproductive health care and methods that are legal and safe, to promote family planning methods and responsible parenthood, to counsel women who committed abortion in a humane way, to mandate reproductive health education in age appropriateness to students, to supply and maintain reproductive health services to all, to protect reproductive health rights and to penalize those who restricts or prohibits the access to reproductive health care and methods stated in this law. The law mandates the hire of skilled health professionals for maternal health care and birth attendance, seen in Sec. 5. It also promotes the upgrade of health care facilities for obstetric and newborn care as stated in Sec. 6 and to access for family planning methods especially to the poor and marginalized couple and to sexually active minors as said in Sec. 7. The law also states that â€Å"hormonal contraceptives, intrauterine devices, injectables and other safe, legal, non-abortifacient and effective family planning products and supplies†(RA 10354, Sec. 9) should be treated in the Essential Drugs List after subjection to reputable medical associations. It also mandates the procurement and distributions of family-planning supplies and age appropriate reproductive health education, stated in Sec. 10 and 14 respectively. And lastly, to condemn any who shall prohibit the access to health care and family-planning supplies. Since its first introduction by Albay Rep. Edcel Lagman, this law had reaped many opposition and approval before being enacted. The pro-woman groups fought for saving the lives of woman from maternal death on the other hand the Church and other pro-life groups fought for dignity of the unborn and the sanctity of marriage. The senate itself was divided for selecting to if they will oppose or approve the bill. The Former President and Pampanga Rep. Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo was known to opposed the bill and be backed upon by the Church meanwhile President Benigno Aquino III shown agreement towards the bill and expected its implementation. The pronouncement of Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI to condoms also became news if the Church was open to contraception. This gave new hope for Edcel Lagman from acceptance of the Church but Paranaque Rep. Roilo Golez explained that the Pope talks about health, that preventing HIV from spreading is showing compassion but the Pope doesn’t said to use condoms to prevent pregnancy. Issues also attract the said bill. First, is about the legislation of the bill, if it was really relevant here in the country with regards to overpopulation, Availability/Provisions for RH information and healthcare for mothers and children. Another issue is if the RH Bill is moral, if the Church must interfere with the State and if the government is willing to give funds to the bill. Third, is about the consequence of a widespread of contraceptives with regards to health and sexual behavior. The last is concerned in the need of sex education in the country. The CBCP together with the national Church felt that it was time to educate again its faithful and made efforts on counteracting the bill. The Church turned offering masses, praying for the enlightenment of congressmen and women and explained that principles of the bill undermine the sanctity of life and marriage. They stated that overpopulation was not the problem but corruption and the unequal distribution of people. They seek to get online, and used CBCP for Life for addressing the matter and let the Simbang Gabi 2012 be used for educating the faithful. They also made catechisms with themes regarding the RH. Meanwhile, pro-woman and pro-RH group also organize plans for the bill. They have tied violet ribbons on their arm signifying their fight against HIV-AIDS. Informed people about gender inequality, maternal deaths, teenage pregnancy and HIV-AIDS and that the bill would help minimize or eliminate such problems. UNESCO and WHO also promotes the education of youths regarding reproductive health. They state that benefits such as a delay in sexual initiation; reduction of unwanted pregnancies, child abuse and abortion; and a slower spread of HIV could be obtained. It can also induce progress to gender equity, social participation and partnership. It prepares the youths for responsibility as adults, emphasizes health promotion and can improve relevance in education systems. Meanwhile, the Catholic Church holds its deposit of faith centered on Divine Love and Unity in Marriage. Its Catechism says that Marriage is by which a man and a woman establish intimate communion for life which is ordered for the good of the spouse and the procreation and education of children,(1660, Catechism of the Catholic Church). It also states that the total reciprocal self-giving is overlaid through contraception for it is a refusal for the total giving of self through taking away openness to life,( 2370,Catechism of the Catholic Church). It states that even intercourse with a legitimate wife but taking away the power to generate life is contrary to God’s will and leaves guilt of a grave sin,(55-56, Casti Connubii). The Church also teaches the virtue of chastity, that the couple must exercise conjugal love and fidelity and that of safeguarding life form the moment of conception, (51, Gaudium et Spes). She teaches that Marriage can never justify sexual intercourse which is contraceptive which oppose to its true meaning and that artificial methods could lead to marital infidelity and lowering moral standards, reduction of woman as mere object of satisfaction and intervening of public authorities to the most personal and intimate responsibilities of couples, (14,17; Humanae Vitae). It also addresses the value of self-discipline to repel inordinate self-interests and to control the passions of the body,(21, Humanae Vitae). References Software Ecumenical Council of Vatican II. Catechism of the Catholic Church. Retrieved from CATECH01. exe Websites and Webpages Anonymous. (2012, December 21). Republic Act 10354. Retrieved from http://pcw. gov. ph/sites/default/files/documents/laws/republic_act_10354. pdf Burgonio, T. (2010, November 21). Pope’s pronouncement on condoms strengthens RH Bill – Lagman. Retrieved from http://newsinfo. inquirer. net/breakingnews/nation/view/20101121-304495/Popes-pronouncement-on-condoms-strengthens-RH-bill–Lagman Dionisio, E. R. (2012, August 8). A Guide to Arguments for and against the Reproductive Health Bill. Retrieved from http://www. adnu. edu. ph/images/A%20Guide%20to%20Arguments %20For%20and%20Against%20the%20Reproductive%20Health%20Bill. pdf Ecumenical Council of Vatican II. Gaudium et Spes. Retrieved from http://www. vatican. va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_cons_19651207_gaudium-et-spes_en. html Paul VI. Humanae Vitae. Retrieved from http://www. vatican. va/holy_father/paul_vi/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-vi_enc_25071968_humanae-vitae_en. html Pius XI. Casti Connubii. Retrieved from http://www. vatican. va/holy_father/pius_xi/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-xi_enc_31121930_casti-connubii_en. html Sun. star. Church RH Bill. Retrieved from http://www. sunstar. com. ph/davao/weekend/church-rh-bill Saclag, D. E. D. Group asks SC to lift suspension of RH Law. Retrieved from http://www. bworldonline. com/content. php? section=Nation&title=Group-asks-SC-to-lift-suspension-of-RH-Law&id=71130 Unknown. (2012, August 14). Reproductive Health Bill, Good or Bad. Retrieved from http://behealthconsciousblog. wordpress. com/2012/08/14/reproductive-health-bill-good-or-bad/ Unknown. (2012, December 29). Republic Act 10354, Reproductive Health Act of 2012. Retrieved from http://filipinoscribe. com/2012/12/29/republic-act-10354-reproductive-health-act-of-2012/ Unknown. House Bill no. 5043, Reproductive Health and Population Development Act of 2008. Retrieved from http://jlp-law. com/blog/full-text-of-house-bill-no-5043-reproductive-health-and-population-development-act-of-2008/ Villegas, B. M. et al. (2012, September 12) Handbook of Truths on RH Bill. Retrieved from http://cbcpforlife. com/? p=8859 Villegas, S. B. (2012, December 15). Contraception is Corruption, A Pastoral Letter on the Latest decision on the Rh Bill. Retrieved from http://cbcponline. net/v2/? p=6241 World Health Organization. Family Life, Reproductive Health and Population Education: Key Elements of a Health-Promoting School. Retrieved from http://hivaidsclearinghouse. unesco. org/search/resources/HIV%20AIDS%20231. pdf